System of Record vs Derived Data Diagram

System of Record

User input is written here first: the authoritative, canonical version
Each fact is stored exactly once (normalized)
On any discrepancy, the record is by definition correct

Derived Data

Cache, search index, materialized views, denormalized values
Redundant, but needed for fast reads
If lost, it can be rebuilt from the record

Change Propagation

Derived data must be updated when the record changes
CDC / update logs carry changes to every derived system
Most databases do not make multi-system integration easy: use data pipelines

Record or Derived?

It depends on how you use the tool, not on the tool itself
Analytical systems are usually derived: they consume data created elsewhere
Analysts query materialized views, not the live OLTP record