Remembering the Industrial Revolution the information age replays an old pattern: growth, dark side, then safeguards ERA 1 · INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION GROWTH technology advances agricultural surplus urbanization DARK SIDE air + water pollution squalor, disease child labor SAFEGUARDS environmental protection workplace safety laws child-labor + food laws time → BRUCE SCHNEIER · DATA AS POLLUTION “Data is the pollution problem of the information age, and protecting privacy is the environmental challenge.” ERA 2 · INFORMATION AGE GROWTH internet scale cheap storage automation DARK SIDE mass data extraction surveillance discrimination SAFEGUARDS NEEDED minimization, retention limits GDPR-style consent culture shift time → growth dark side safeguards sequence not yet won (dashed) growth concentrates power → harms surface → society demands safeguards the information age is still negotiating its safeguards