Beyond Single-Key Indexes — Spatial, Full-Text, Vector

Beyond Single-Key Indexes — Spatial, Full-Text, Vector A data-flow diagram generated by Archify. 01 / Query Shape 02 / Index Structure 03 / Specialized Engine Map Range Query · lat + lon window · 01 / Query Shape · 2D range Map Range Query lat + lon window 2D range R-Tree · groups nearby points · 02 / Index Structure · bounding boxes R-Tree groups nearby points bounding boxes Spatial Search · box overlap checks · 03 / Specialized Engine · GiST / grid Spatial Search box overlap checks GiST / grid Keyword Query · docs with red apples · 01 / Query Shape · terms Keyword Query docs with red apples terms Inverted Index · term to postings · 02 / Index Structure · postings list Inverted Index term to postings postings list Full-Text Search · intersect postings · 03 / Specialized Engine · Lucene-style Full-Text Search intersect postings Lucene-style Semantic Query · meaning, not words · 01 / Query Shape · embedding Semantic Query meaning, not words embedding Vector Index · HNSW graph / IVF · 02 / Index Structure · 1,000+ dims Vector Index HNSW graph / IVF 1,000+ dims Nearest Neighbors · cosine / euclidean · 03 / Specialized Engine · approximate Nearest Neighbors cosine / euclidean approximate partition the space multidimensional index by bounding boxes nearby grouped map terms to postings term to doc IDs bitwise AND of postings both terms required embed query as vector meaning encoded walk graph / probe clusters approximate NN Legend primary data data store data flow