Join and leave moves: mod-N near 90%, ring and rendezvous near 9% Join moves little, leave mirrors join 10k keys, stable hashed mapping; movement counted key by key in the Java run method load per node at 10 moved 10 to 11 moved 10 to 9 mod-N luck only 90.8% 89.8% ring + 100 vnodes 840..1164 8.8% 8.7% rendezvous even 9.2% 9.9% fixed 64 shards 6 per node 8.7% 9.3% raw FNV let node n10 steal 40% of keys — a finalizer fixed it; never ship an untested hash a 2x node takes 2x shares with no global move; a leave rehomes only its own ranges legend: pink cell is the mod-N trap — node count must never sit inside the key mapping